Jerusalem artichokes, also known as sunroots or sunchokes, are a member of the sunflower family. They grow underground and have a knobby shape similar to ginger, with a brownish-purple skin and a creamy white flesh. One cup of raw Jerusalem artichokes contains about 114 calories.

These root vegetables are packed with nutrients, including potassium, iron, and vitamin C. They are also a good source of fiber, which can aid in digestion and lower cholesterol levels.

In this article, we'll explore everything you need to know about Jerusalem artichokes, from their origins to their health benefits and cooking suggestions.

What are Jerusalem artichokes?

Jerusalem artichokes, also known as Helianthus tuberosus, are native to North America but are now widely grown in Europe and other parts of the world. They are often compared to potatoes or turnips but have a unique nutty flavor that sets them apart. While they are called artichokes, they are not actually related to the globe artichoke. Instead, they are a type of sunflower that grows underground. The plant can grow up to 10 feet tall and produce dozens of small, yellow flowers. In addition to their culinary uses, Jerusalem artichokes are sometimes used as a natural sweetener because they contain a type of carbohydrate called inulin.

Origins

Jerusalem artichokes have a long history of use by Native American tribes, who valued them for their unique flavor and nutritional properties. They were also introduced to European explorers in the 17th century and quickly became popular in France and other parts of Europe. During World War II, when food was scarce, Jerusalem artichokes were grown extensively in the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe as a substitute for potatoes. However, their popularity waned in the decades that followed as other root vegetables became more widely available.

How to prepare Jerusalem artichokes

Jerusalem artichokes can be prepared in many of the same ways as potatoes or other root vegetables. They can be boiled, roasted, fried, or mashed to make a variety of dishes. To prepare them, simply scrub the skins and trim off any blemishes. The skin is edible but can be tough, so many people prefer to peel it. Then, cut the artichokes into the desired size and cook until tender. Be aware that Jerusalem artichokes can cause gas or bloating in some people because of their high inulin content. To reduce this risk, try soaking them in cold water for several hours before cooking.

Taste and texture

Jerusalem artichokes have a nutty, slightly sweet flavor that is often compared to water chestnuts or jicama. When cooked, they have a soft, creamy texture that makes them a great stand-in for potatoes or turnips. One of the great things about Jerusalem artichokes is that they can be used in both sweet and savory dishes. They are often roasted with herbs and spices to bring out their natural flavor, but they can also be used to make cakes or other desserts.

Health benefits of Jerusalem artichokes

Jerusalem artichokes are incredibly nutritious and have been used for centuries for their medicinal properties. They are high in fiber, which can aid in digestion and help control blood sugar levels. In addition, they are a good source of iron, potassium, and vitamin C, all of which are essential to good health. Some studies have also found that inulin, the carbohydrate found in Jerusalem artichokes, may have anti-inflammatory properties and could help prevent certain types of cancer.

Nutritional value of Jerusalem artichokes

One cup of raw Jerusalem artichokes contains approximately 114 calories, 2g of protein, 27g of carbohydrates, and 2g of fat. They are also a good source of fiber, potassium, iron, and vitamin C.

Cooking suggestions

There are many ways to enjoy Jerusalem artichokes. Here are a few simple recipe ideas to get you started: - Roasted Jerusalem artichokes with fresh herbs and olive oil - Mashed Jerusalem artichokes with garlic and butter

Varieties of Jerusalem artichokes

There are several different varieties of Jerusalem artichokes, each with its own unique characteristics. Some of the most common varieties include Dwarf Sunray, Fuseau, and Stampede. Dwarf Sunray is a smaller variety that is often used in landscaping because of its showy flowers. Fuseau is a French variety that is prized for its large, uniform tubers. Stampede is a Canadian variety that is known for its high yield and disease resistance.

Storage tips

Jerusalem artichokes can be stored in a cool, dry place for up to a week. If you need to store them for longer, they can be wrapped in plastic and kept in the fridge for up to a month. Be sure to store them separately from other fruits and vegetables, as they can give off a gas that can cause them to spoil more quickly.

Fun facts

- In the 17th century, Jerusalem artichokes were thought to have the power to cure a variety of ailments, including tuberculosis and smallpox. - During World War II, the British government encouraged people to eat Jerusalem artichokes because they were easy to grow and provided a good source of nutrition. - In France, Jerusalem artichokes are often eaten raw and grated in salads.